Incidence and Management of Shoulder Injuries in Surfers: A Comprehensive Review

Surfing is a sport that fosters a unique connection between individuals and the ocean. As participation in surfing continues to grow globally and across Australian beaches, awareness is increasing regarding the physical demands of the sport and the injuries that can result. Among the most commonly affected regions is the shoulder, which endures repetitive and at times forceful movements during paddling, duck-diving, popping and manoeuvring. For surfers, coaches, clinicians and the broader surf community, a clear understanding of the incidence, risk factors, mechanisms and evidence-based management of shoulder injuries is essential.